This exam cheating index (collusion detection) simply calculates the number of errors in common between a given pair
Harpp, Hogan, and Jennings (1996) revised their Response Similarity Index somewhat from Harpp and Hogan (1993). This produced
Harpp and Hogan (1993) suggested a response similarity index defined as where EEIC denote the number of
This index evaluates error similarity analysis (ESA), namely estimating the probability that a given pair of examinees would
The Frary, Tideman, and Watts (1977) g2 index is a collusion (cheating) detection index, which is a standardization
Wollack (1997) adapted the standardized collusion index of Frary, Tidemann, and Watts (1977) g2 to item response theory
Wesolowsky’s (2000) index is a collusion detection index, designed to look for exam cheating by finding similar response
Wise and Kong (2005) defined an index to flag examinees not putting forth minimal effort, based on their
The Holland K index and variants are probability-based indices for psychometric forensics, like the Bellezza & Bellezza indices,
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