A z-score measures the distance between a raw score and a mean in standard deviation units, conveying the location of an observation in a normal distribution, of which scores on a test are just one of many examples. The z-score is also known as a standard score since it enables comparing scores on various variables […]
Confidence intervals (CIs) are a fundamental concept in statistics, used extensively in assessment and measurement to estimate the reliability and precision of data. Whether in scientific research, business analytics, or health studies, confidence intervals provide a range of values that likely contain the true value of a parameter, giving us a better understanding of uncertainty. […]
General intelligence, often symbolized as “g,” is a concept that has been central to psychology and cognitive science since the early 20th century. First introduced by Charles Spearman, general intelligence represents an individual’s overall cognitive ability. This foundational concept has evolved over the years and remains crucial in both academic and applied settings, particularly in […]
Personality plays a crucial role in shaping our behaviors, attitudes, and overall interactions with the world. One of the most widely accepted frameworks for understanding personality is the Big Five Personality Traits model—also known as the OCEAN model—consist of five broad dimensions that describe human personality. These traits are: Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness […]
Factor analysis is a statistical technique widely used in research to understand and evaluate the underlying structure of assessment data. In fields such as education, psychology, and medicine, this approach to unsupervised machine learning helps researchers and educators identify latent variables, called factors, and which items or tests load on these factors. For instance, when […]
Digital assessment (DA) aka e-Assessment or electronic assessment is the delivery of assessments, tests, surveys, and other measures via digital devices such as computers, tablets, and mobile phones. The primary goal is to be able to develop items, publish tests, deliver tests, and provide meaningful results – as quickly, easily, and validly as possible. The […]
Digital badges (aka e-badges) have emerged in today’s digitalized world as a powerful tool for recognizing and showcasing individual’s accomplishments in an online format which is more comprehensive, immediate, brandable, and easily verifiable compared to traditional paper certificates or diplomas. In this blog post, we will delve into the world of digital badges, explore best […]
Samejima’s (1969) Graded Response Model (GRM, sometimes SGRM) is an extension of the two parameter logistic model (2PL) within the item response theory (IRT) paradigm. IRT provides a number of benefits over classical test theory, especially regarding the treatment of polytomous items; learn more about IRT vs. CTT here. What is the Graded Response Model? […]
Even those ones who do not consider themselves technology buffs have heard about ChatGPT. Today, everybody is talking about ChatGPT—a modern megastar of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) industries. This is how ChatGPT introduces itself: “I am an AI language model called ChatGPT. My purpose is to assist and communicate with users through […]
Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to address some challenges that education deals with today, through innovation of teaching and learning processes. By applying AI in education technologies, educators can determine student needs more precisely, keep students more engaged, improve learning, and adapt teaching accordingly to boost learning outcomes. A process of utilizing AI in education […]
